Space is understood as more than physical territory—it becomes meaningful through appropriation, a dual process with both behavioral and symbolic dimensions. On one hand, appropriation involves action-transformation, where individuals or groups modify, occupy, or imprint a space through use. This transforms the environment into something cognitively familiar and emotionally resonant. On the other hand, appropriation includes symbolic identification, whereby people see themselves reflected in a space, integrating it into their sense of self and group identity. This dynamic is not limited to ownership but extends to repeated use, shared practices, and emotional attachment. Appropriated space becomes a reference for orientation, memory, and continuity—especially relevant in older age, when identity stability is paramount. The cycle of transformation and identification varies across life stages, privileging active modification in youth and symbolic belonging in later years. Cultural, social, and psychological variables all shape how space is appropriated. Disappropriation, or the feeling that space is alien, also plays a crucial role in understanding urban conflict, exclusion, or displacement. Architecture, urban planning, and policy can either foster or obstruct this process, depending on whether they allow communities to leave their imprint and recognize themselves in the built environment. Ultimately, the appropriation of space is essential for constructing personal and collective identity, forming place attachment, and fostering participation. It is a foundational process for interpreting urban life and social belonging.
Pol, E. (2002). ‘El modelo dual de la apropiación del espacio’. In R. García-Mira, J.M. Sabucedo & J. Romay (eds.), Psicología y medio ambiente (pp. 123–132).
