The effectiveness of nature-based interventions relies not only on the presence of vegetation but on the specific qualities of the environment that support therapeutic experiences and promote well-being. Healthy green spaces are defined by a combination of structural characteristics—such as public ownership, inclusion within protected areas, and adequate size—and modifiable features like accessibility, infrastructure, biodiversity, and risk management. These spaces must facilitate sensory engagement, ensure physical safety, and offer emotional refuge, which means that their layout and maintenance are as important as their ecological composition. For instance, diverse vegetation, tree canopy coverage, and the presence of natural sounds and textures are key in activating multisensory processes that lead to psychological restoration. Accessibility by foot or public transportation increases inclusivity, while the absence of urban noise and pollution enhances the environment's restorative potential. Moreover, integrating cultural and community-based values into site selection ensures the space is socially meaningful and contextually appropriate. The application of a standardized framework for evaluating these features allows guides, planners, and policymakers to identify suitable locations for forest bathing or therapy and to align them with public health goals and sustainability strategies. By establishing a clear set of criteria, it becomes possible to replicate effective practices globally while adapting them to local realities, fostering resilient ecosystems that support both human and planetary health.
Gesse, A., Altuna, G., Camacho, A., Ayats, M., Ferraro, R., & Filgueira, L. (2022). Estándar de características esenciales de espacios verdes saludables. Forest Therapy Hub. ISBN: 978-989-33-3194-1
