Environmental psychology situates itself as a pivotal interfacial discipline bridging human behaviour with the physical, social, and natural environments, examining both how the environment shapes human conduct and how human actions transform ecological contexts; originating in the theoretical legacies of Lewin, Barker, and Proshansky, and crystallised through the interdisciplinary collaborations of ecology, architecture, sociology, and psychology, Roth (2000) proposes a nuanced duality—conduct as both determined and determinative—that allows for a systemic understanding of environmental influences and behavioural agency, thus overcoming the reductive deterministic paradigm; Roth stresses the concept of “interconducta” (Kantor, Ribes & López) which positions the environment and behaviour in a non-hierarchical co-dependency, where meaning and impact are generated synchronically within relational fields; by differentiating environmental determinism, possibilism, and probabilism, the text also introduces a historical and conceptual framework that accounts for contextually shaped actions without denying individual agency; this approach informs pragmatic applications, such as environmental design, behavioural mapping, and affective profiling of space, aiming to optimise environments for psychological well-being and community integration; more importantly, the article introduces a powerful critique of long-term consequence reasoning in pro-environmental behaviour, arguing that present, emotionally and socially mediated reinforcements—like moral coherence, immediate utility, or peer approval—are more effective in shaping environmentally responsible conduct than distant ecological predictions; thus, Roth proposes a model that integrates values, beliefs, norms, and contextual readability into a flexible methodology, enabling the design of environments and policies that encourage sustainable action as both a moral identity and an adaptive necessity.
