The Liquid Interactions Model, developed by Forest Therapy Hub (FTHub), is a structured framework consisting of four concentric circles that outline the multilevel interplay between personal, environmental, and social determinants of well-being. The first circle encompasses immutable personal traits such as heredity, age, and gender, while the second circle addresses dynamic health states—mental, social, physical, and spiritual—that can be positively influenced by contact with nature, as shown through extensive scientific research (De Vries et al., 2003; Maas et al., 2006; Capaldi et al., 2014). The third circle, a core layer of active interaction, focuses on embodied and sensory experiences with nature, emphasizing mechanisms like biochemical exposure, tactile stimuli, and light, which prompt immediate psycho-physiological responses such as awe and relaxation (Shiota et al., 2007). This level also incorporates the Five Pathways to Nature Connection—Contact, Beauty, Meaning, Emotion, and Compassion—developed by Richardson et al. (2017), which deepen the affective bond with natural environments, and the Five Ways to Wellbeing from the New Economics Foundation, which promote sustainable mental health through everyday actions like connecting and being active. The fourth circle refers to the macro-environmental contexts—socioeconomic, cultural, and natural systems—influencing individual and collective health, mediated by technological and societal structures (Kuo, 2015).
Forest Therapy Hub (2021) Manual para el FTHub Guía de Baños de Bosque Certificado: Módulo 6 – El Método FTHub: Modelo de Interacciones Líquidas.
