Interconnected pathways to nature connectedness and well-being

 

Understanding how people relate to nature requires examining the distinct yet intertwined types of human–nature connection: material, experiential, cognitive, emotional, and philosophical. These dimensions reflect various layers of interaction, from using natural resources to feeling a sense of unity with the non-human world. Empirical evidence reveals strong associations between experiential and emotional connections—such as time spent in nature and feelings of belonging or love toward it—and high levels of subjective well-being. In contrast, material connection, which involves the consumption or use of nature, does not consistently enhance well-being unless accompanied by emotional resonance or reflective awareness. Cognitive and philosophical connections, tied to ecological knowledge and ethical values about nature, show a more moderate influence, yet they play a crucial role in shaping pro-environmental behavior and long-term ecological identity. Importantly, these five types do not operate in isolation but reinforce one another: engaging in hands-on experiences often deepens emotional ties, which can prompt reflective thinking and eventually lead to sustainable habits. By mapping these relationships, it becomes clear that fostering well-being through nature involves not only access to green spaces but also the cultivation of emotional depth, cognitive engagement, and ethical reflection. This comprehensive view allows for more targeted interventions that strengthen holistic connectedness, contributing to both individual flourishing and collective environmental responsibility.

Restall, B. & Conrad, E. (2015). A literature review of connections between nature and health. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 44, 63–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2015.06.001